經濟

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The main economy interface

In Imperator, a country's economy revolves around the generation of gold income from pops and trade that are used for various expenses and investments. Used for everything from recruiting armies and maintaining forts to constructing buildings and adopting inventions, gold is one of the most important resources in the game. Thus, managing and optimizing a country's economy is a critical part of building a strong, prosperous nation. An overview of the country's economy and balance, as well as the adjustment of economic policies, can be viewed in the the Economy screen.

金庫

A country's treasury stores all of its currently accumulated wealth and is the main source of accessible gold; most events and actions deposits gold into or withdraws gold from the treasury. At the end of each month, the current balance between the country's income and expenses are automatically added or subtracted from the treasury. Most actions that cost gold, such as constructing buildings and completing mission tasks, have their costs deducted directly from the treasury and require the treasury to have enough gold to pay the cost outright. Thus, for more expensive items, it will often require saving up for months (if not years) to make the purchase or investment.

If the treasury becomes negative, the country will be considered to be in deficit, destabilizing the country and making any employed mercenaries disloyal. If the treasure falls below -50, negative events can begin to trigger, typically giving additional maluses. It may therefore be useful to keep a reserve of gold if the country is already unstable, as there are many random events that require spending gold and can somewhat unexpectedly push a country into deficit.

While the ruler is paid a portion of the country's income each month, a country's treasury should be distinguished from the ruler's personal finances, even in monarchies; these two stores of wealth have distinct uses and are not generally interchangeable. If the ruler is corrupt, this can become a particularly serious problem as the ruler siphons a large proportion of the country's income into their personal coffers where the state cannot use it - it is entirely possible to have a wealthy ruler but a poor state, and vice versa.

A country's treasury can hold a maximum of 100,000 gold; any excess will be lost.

收入

The are three main sources of state income in Imperator:

• Tax, produced directly by pops in owned territories
• Commerce, generated by the movement of goods between provinces on trade routes
• Tribute, paid by many types of subject states

Generally speaking, the effects of governor wages and the stacking effects of buildings means that the capital region, and especially the capital province and territory, will produce a disproportionate portion of the country's income.

稅收

Tax income is paid by all pops of certain classes in the country, each producing a different amount of base monthly tax income:

• 0.005 gold, for freemen
• 0.008 gold, for tribesmen
• 0.015 gold, for slaves

As with all pop output, the base tax production of each pop is then multiplied by its happiness as a fraction out of 100%, which generally means that the tax income of pops is less than the base value. The exception is slaves, who are fixed at 100% output efficiency regardless of happiness. After this, National tax and Local tax modifiers are applied at the territory, province, region, and country level. As tax income is produced almost exclusively by pops, it is also affected by the various pop output modifiers, with slave output modifiers being particularly important given that tax income usually comes predominantly from slaves; tribesman output can also have a significant effect for tribal countries or states that otherwise have a large number of tribesmen.

Some of the more important sources of tax modifiers are listed below:

• Territory modifiers:
  • +10% per tax office
  • +25% with a foundry
  • +10% for holy sites
  • -50% for blockaded territories
• Province modifiers:
  • +3% per governor finesse plus a base of +3% with the Bleed Them Dry governor policy
  • +1% per governor finesse plus a base of +1% with the Acquisition of Wealth governor policy
  • +2% for each iron trade good in the province
• Region modifiers:
  • -50% for regions without a governor
  • -25% for regions with a governor (as wage)
  • -10% if the governor has the miserly trait
• Country modifiers:
  • -50% with the Lax Taxes economic policy
  • +1% per statesmanship-adjusted finesse of the Steward (Monarchy office)
  • +1.5% per statesmanship-adjusted martial of the Tribune of the Treasury (Republic office)
  • +2% per statesmanship-adjusted finesse of the Magistrate (Tribal office)
  • +2.5% with the Property Tax, Eisphora , Liturgies, Use of State Land, and Crucifixion Civic Inventions
  • +10% with the Regulated Money Lenders Civic Invention
  • +5% with the Hindu Number System Indian Oratory Invention
  • +5%/+7.5%/+10%/+15% for the Tax and Commerce effect for great wonders, depending on the tier
  • +5% with the Status Quo/Lex Aternia Tarpeia Republic law
  • -15% with the Infrastructure Policy Monarchy law
  • +10% with the For the Common Good Tribal law
  • +10% for various pantheon deities
  • +10% per 100% omen power for various omens
  • +10% if the ruler has the skeptical or corrupt traits
  • -5% if the ruler has the selfish trait
  • -10% if the ruler has the pious or miserly traits
  • +0.5% per point of revanchism

基礎稅收

Every nation, regardless of its population or number of territories, has a base tax of +2 gold per month, which can then be modified by national tax modifiers. This case tax is crucial for small nations' economies in the early game, but becomes largely irrelevant as the country expands and grows.

商業

主條目：Trade

Commerce income is produced by the import and export of trade goods from the provinces where they are produced and consumed, and unlike tax happens at the province level. Each trade route generates a certain amount of commerce income for both the importing and exporting province, with certain more valuable and exotic trade goods being worth more and foreign trade routes generating significantly more income for both sides (but especially the exporter). Each unused import route also produces a baseline amount of commerce income, though usually much less than what using the slot for a trade route would produce. Commerce income is heavily tied to trade good production and unlike tax income is highly dependent on the ability and willingness of other countries to trade, and typically increases in importance throughout the game as the efficiency of trade good production increases and import ability of cities and provinces is expanded.

Unlike tax income, commerce income is not generated directly by pops, but indirectly through the trade route production of nobles and as well as the trade good production of slaves, and so is mostly accumulated from large cities with many import routes as well as areas with high trade good production and export potential.

貢品

主條目：Subject nations

All subject states pay a certain amount of tribute income to their overlord, which for most subject types comes as a certain percentage of their income. The tribute paid can be changed by various modifiers, and in particular can be adjusted to be lighter or harsher using the associated economic policy, with a corresponding bonus or malus to subject opinion (and indirectly subject loyalty). Tributaries are particularly useful for accumulating tribute income as they are available to all countries and do not take up a diplomatic relations slot; because of the effects of base tax, it is generally better to have many smaller tributaries than a few large ones.

支出

A state has many monthly expenses that must be paid, most relating to military or administrative manners. These expenses are automatically deducted from the income each month and only the balance (which may be negative) appears in the treasury. Monthly expenses must always be paid, even if the treasury is already in debt.

陸軍維護費

參見：Legion

In addition to the cost of recruitment, every raised legion cohort also has a monthly legion maintenance cost that must be paid, with the base maintenance equal to 1/48 of the recruitment cost. Cohorts that are loyal to a specific commander cost only 66% of their normal maintenance; legions that are led by a disloyal commander do not cost any maintenance at all.

Mercenary upkeep also appears here, which is generally significantly more expensive than normal armies but do not cost manpower and are not restricted by population.

Levies and migratory armies do not cost any maintenance, though they have other costs associated with them.

海軍維護費

參見：Navy

Like permanent armies, owned ships also have a monthly navy maintenance cost, with the base maintenance cost equal to 1/60 of the recruitment cost. As with armies, disloyal fleets do not cost any maintenance, while mercenary fleets have a premium that make their upkeep more expensive.

納貢

主條目：Subject nations

All subject nations have a tribute that must be paid to their overlord, which for most subject types is a certain proportion of their income depending on the exact subject type and can be modified by the tribute income modifier of the overlord. The tribute is always paid as long as the country is a subject, even at low loyalty. Note that the tribute paid is a proportion of the total income, not the overall balance.

要塞維護費

參見：Fort

Every fort level costs a base of 0.40 gold in fort maintenance each month, except for the first fort in the capital. An important consideration for fort maintenance is a province's fort infrastructure capacity - every new fort uses up 3 points of infrastructure, while subsequent fort levels only use 1, and every point over the limit increases fort maintenance in that province by 25%. For instance, with the default infrastructure of 5 points, this means two level 1 forts in one province cost 0.5 gold each (1 in total), while a level 2 fort costs only 0.8 gold.

It is recommended to destroy unneeded forts in the interior of the country, particularly if they are not protecting any important vulnerable cities or suppressing unrest in a discontent province.

報酬

參見：Position#Mechanics

Every character holding a government position in the country is paid a monthly wage, usually a percentage of the country's total income which is determined by the exact position the character holds. Character wages therefore scale with a country's size and always form a significant part of a country's expenses, with managing the number of legates and admirals being particularly important for larger empires who may have many legions and navies that they want to be led. Wages can be modified country-wide with the Monthly Wages for Characters modifier and individually per character by the Monthly Wage modifier. Character corruption can significantly increase the wages that a character is paid out of the government's coffers - up to a +250% wage modifier at 100 corruption - making it important to ensure that corruption does not become too endemic in the government (e.g. allowing "free hands"), lest the entirety of the country's income be drained by corrupt officials, leaving nothing for infrastructure or the military. On the other hand, there are many other factors that decrease character wages, such as adopting certain inventions, activating certain omens, making a family grateful, and increasing the position holder's popularity.

Wages can be increased or decreased across the entire country through the wage economic policy, in addition to the default setting. Low wages can significantly increase the amount of gold available for other uses but will rapidly increase corruption across all of the country's office holders, which makes it infeasible for any significant length of time unless the country has very strong monthly corruption reduction modifiers as the costs of increased corruption will quickly surpass any savings from the policy. High wages, while potentially quite expensive, can be useful for wealthy countries that seek to reduce corruption without using a national idea or law slot or already have endemic corruption, so that the expenses from the policy will quickly be made up for by the decline in corruption. Notably, it is also the easiest way to decrease ruler corruption (which reduces political influence gain), particularly in monarchies which do not have access to a corruption reduction law and where a corrupt ruler may stay in power for many decades.

經濟政策

Economic Policies can be accessed in the economy screen and allow a country to control its income and spending on a country-wide level. Each policy is associated with a specific income or expenses category.

稅收

Modifies income from taxes. Taxes can be lowered to increase overall happiness, or raised to increase slave output in return for decreased research.

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Lax Taxation	+10% Population Happiness	-50% National Tax
Default Taxation	No Effect	No Effect
Harsh Taxation	+12% National Slave Output	-20% Research Points

商業

Modifies trade income from commerce. The default policy gives bonus trade routes to the capital, while the other two policies may be useful if the country makes a lot of gold from either importing or exporting.

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Free Trade	+20% Export Value	-15% Import Value
Trading Permits	+2 Capital Trade Routes	None
Transaction Taxation	+20% Import Value	-15% Export Value

貢品

Modifies the tribute received from subject states. More tribute can be demanded in exchange for lower subject opinion if the overlord is strong enough to demand it, and vice versa if a country's subject states need to be appeased. Crucially, selecting "Lax Tribute" helps greatly in reaching the +190 opinion required to integrate eligible subjects.

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Lax Tribute	+50 Subject Opinion	-33% Tribute Income from Subjects
Default	No Effect	No Effect
Extortive Tributes	+25% Tribute Income from Subjects	-50 Subject Opinion

陸軍維護費

Modifies integrated culture happiness and army maintenance cost in return for army morale. Gold can be saved and pops made happier while at peace by decreasing pay when armies are not needed, while wealthier countries can improve the quality of their armies in wartime by increasing pay - even if they do not have any legions to pay army maintenance on. Note that the Decreased Pay option disables drilling for army experience and military experience.

The default {+7.5% levy size modifier is also given through this policy, though note that all three options have the same modifier (and so the choice of economic policy here makes no difference to the levy size).

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Decreased Pay	+5% Integrated Culture Happiness -25% Legion Maintenance Cost +7.5% Levy Size Modifier	-25% Morale of Armies
Normal Pay	+7.5% Levy Size Modifier	No Effect
Increased Pay	+10% Morale of Armies +7.5% Levy Size Modifier	-5% Integrated Culture Happiness +25% Legion Maintenance Cost

艦隊維護費

Like army maintenance, modifies navy maintenance cost in return for navy morale, and can be used to save gold while at peace or to improve its fighting ability when at war, if higher pay can be afforded.

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Decreased Pay	-50% Naval Maintenance Cost	-80% Morale of Navies
Normal Pay	No Effect	No Effect
Increased Pay	+5% Morale of Navies	+50% Naval Maintenance Cost

要塞維護費

Modifies fort maintenance in return for garrison size and fort defense. Gold can be saved while at peace by decreasing fort maintenance when not needed - though this can leave border forts vulnerable to a sudden attack of declaration of war - while wealthier countries can improve the quality of their existing forts by improving their garrisons and fortifications.

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Ignored Garrisons	-15% Fort Maintenance	-50% Garrison Size -50% Fort Defense
Paid Garrisons	No Effect	No Effect
Extortive Tributes	+10% Garrison Size +10% Fort Defense	+25% Fort Maintenance

報酬

Modifies character wages in return for corruption. Reducing wages can be used if gold is urgently needed, but is not viable in the long term as the increased wages from corruption will eventually far outstrip any savings from the wage reductions of the policies. Increasing wages is the most reliable way to reduce countrywide corruption and can be quite useful if the country can afford it.

Policy	Bonus	Malus
Reduced Wages	-25% Monthly Wages for Characters -25% Governor Wage	+0.25 Monthly Corruption
Normal Wages	No Effect	No Effect
Increased Wages	-0.10 Monthly Corruption	+50% Monthly Wages for all Characters +50% Governor Wage

財政赤字

If a country's treasury is below 0 at the end of a month (after applying that month's income and expenses), whether from a negative balance or from losing gold in an event, the country will be considered to be in deficit. It will be unable to pay its officials and soldiers properly, destabilizing the regime and giving the following modifiers:

• +25% Cohort Loyalty Gain Chance
• -50% Monthly Political Influence
• -0.20 Monthly Stability Change

Any employed mercenaries will also become disloyal.

If the treasury falls below -50, a number of special events can trigger. Many of these events will give gold and may well help the country turn around its financial situation, but many of them come at a significant price, such as reduced research, lower population growth, or an army morale malus. Going into deficit while a mercenary army is employed is especially dangerous, as they may offer their services to the opposing side or even seize control over the local province as their 'payment'.

Out of the valid options, one of the following will occur each month as long as a country is in deficit:

• Bad Planning, with a weight of 10 ( -10% Morale of Armies and -5% Army Morale Recovery for 3 times the monthly income)
• Deficit!, with a weight of 10 ( -0.02% National Population Growth for 3 times the monthly income)
• Desperate Measures, with a weight of 10 ( -5 stability for 3 times the monthly income)
• A Friend in Need..., with a weight of 10 ( -3 Loyalty of Characters and -5 stability for 6 times the monthly income)
• Tightening the Strings, with a weight of 10 ( -25% Research Points for 6 times the monthly income)
• A Gift from the Gods, with a weight of 10 (Gain 6 times the monthly income)
• Defection!, with a weight of 100 ( Mercenaries attempt to defect)
• Mercenary Secession!, with a weight of 25 ( Mercenaries seize control of the local province)
• Rebels Without a Cause, with a weight of 50 ( Mercenaries leave)
• Nothing, with a weight of 100

Note that the deficit alert at the top bar is somewhat misleading - it only appears once the deficit is larger than the monthly balance, but also implies negative events will happen even if the balance is greater than -50. Hovering over the current stability and checking for the -0.20 monthly stability penalty can be used to properly confirm if the country is in deficit.

參考資料

經濟

機制