Culture is a representation of the ethnicity and customs of a nation, character, or pop.
Nation and character culture
A nation's Primary Culture affects its diplomatic relations. Nations of a different culture within the same group have a -10 Opinion penalty, while those of a different culture group have a -20 Opinion penalty. The nation’s culture also determines its Military Traditions.
Character culture has no inherent effects. Characters of a different culture are often foreign citizens and need to be granted citizenship before they can hold offices.
Pop culture and assimilation
Pop culture determines how it is affected by various 
Happiness modifiers, based on whether the pop is of the nation's Primary Culture, a different culture within the same group ("Wrong Culture"), or from a different culture group altogether ("Wrong Culture-Group").
Primary culture
| Scenario | Happiness |
|---|---|
 Tyranny
|
-0.5% per point |
| Ruler Unpopularity | -0.1% for every point of  Popularity below 50
|
| Tolerance of Pagans Idea | +15% |
| F.U.G. Invention | +2.5% |
| Open Religion Invention | +2.5% |
| Exported Drama Invention | +2.5% |
| Assemblies Invention | +2.5% |
Wrong culture
| Scenario | Happiness |
|---|---|
| Base | -10% |
| Government is Tribal | -20% |
 Aggressive Expansion
|
-0.5% per point |
| Strategic Propaganda Idea | +10% |
| Peregrini Invention | +5% |
| Cultural Judiciary Invention | +5% |
| Petition of Minorities Invention | +5% |
| Status Quo republic law | +5% |
| Manumittance Policy republic law | +20% |
| Lex Aelia Sentia Roman law | +20% |
Wrong culture group
| Scenario | Happiness |
|---|---|
| Base | -30% |
| Government is Tribal | -40% |
| Aggressive Expansion
|
-1% per point |
| Zealous ruler personality trait | -10% |
| Legislative Reform Idea | +15% |
| Accepted Rites Invention | +5% |
| Minor Syncretism Invention | +5% |
| Major Syncretism Invention | +5% |
| Blood of the Lagidae ruler status trait | +15% |
| Tolerant ruler personality trait | +10% |
| Minority Legal Systems monarchy law | +10% |
| Cultural Primacy republic law | +10% |
| Lex Aternia Tarpeia Roman law | +5% |
| Lex Plautia Papiria Roman law | +10% |
Assimilation
A pop's culture can be changed to the nation's primary culture via assimilation. Assimilating individual pops can be performed in the city menu and the macro-builder, and costs 20
Oratory Power per pop. Alternatively, the Cultural Assimilation governor policy provides a monthly chance of assimilating a pop in the affected province, which is 5.0% + 2.5% per point of the governor's 
Finesse. Governors always assimilate pops to the nation's primary culture, regardless of the governor's own culture.
List of cultures
| Group | Cultures | Traditions | Potraits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baltic | Aestian |  Barbarian Traditions
|
german_gfx |
| Germanic | Anglian Bastarnae Cimbrian Frisian Gothonic Gutoni Helveconian Herulian Ingvaeonic Irminonic Istvaonic Lemovian Raumarician Reudingian Rugian Saxonian Suebian Suioni Teutonian Vandal |
Barbarian Traditions
|
german_gfx |
| Pretani | Brigantic Cantian Coritani Cornovian Damnonian Demetian Dobunnian Dumnonian Durotrigan Iceni Ordovitian Pict Pretani Trinovantian Votadinian |
Barbarian Traditions
|
celtic_gfx |
| Gaelic | Hibernian Manavian |
Barbarian Traditions
|
celtic_gfx |
| Gallic | Alluvian Aremorican Arverni Aulercian Belgae Belgic Biturigan Boian Carnian Carnuti Celto-Pannonian Haedui Helvetian Lemovician Lepontic Letobician Noric Pictonian Santonian Treverian Vindelician Volcae |
Barbarian Traditions
|
celtic_gfx |
| Celt-Iberian | Asturian Callaecian Caristian Carpetanian Celtiberian Celtician Lobetanian Lusitanian Sedetanian Vaccaeian Vardulian Vettonian |
Barbarian Traditions
|
celtic_gfx |
| Iberian | Ausetanian Bastetanian Contestanian Cynetian Edetanian Ilercavonian Indiketian Lacetanian Oretanian Turdetanian Turdulian |
Barbarian Traditions
|
iberian_gfx |
| Pre-Indo-European | Aquitani Autrigonian Cantabrian Corsian Ilergetian Nuragic Vasconian |
Barbarian Traditions
|
iberian_gfx |
| Latin | Bruttian Catari Etruscan Histrian Liburnian Ligurian Lucanian Messapian Osco-Umbrian Rhaetian Roman Sabellian Sardonian Siculian Umbrian Venetic |
 Italic Traditions
|
roman_gfx |
| Dacian | Dacian Getian Harpii Moesi Triballoi |
 Greek Traditions
|
greek_gfx |
| Hellenistic | Abrian Achaean Aegean Aetolian Athenian Bithynian Boeotian Bosporan Cretan Cypriot Cyrenaican Dardanian Epirote Euboean Graeco-Illyrian Graeco-Pontic Ionian Italiotian Lydian Macedonian Massalian Parthinian Peloponnesian Siceliote Taulantian Thessalian Thracian Troan |
Greek Traditions
|
greek_gfx |
| Numidian | Berber Gaetulian Massaesylian Massylian Maurian Numidian |
 North African Traditions
|
egyptian_gfx |
| Levantine | Carthaginian | North African Traditions
|
carthaginian_gfx |
| Hebrew Nabatean Phoenician |
 Levantine and Arabian Traditions
| ||
| Nilotic | Egyptian Garamantic Meroitic |
Levantine and Arabian Traditions
|
egyptian_gfx |
| Aksumite | Aksumite Blemmyan Macrobian |
Levantine and Arabian Traditions
|
nubian_gfx |
| Arabian | Hadhrami Himjar Makan Minaean Qatabanian Qedarite Sabaean Ta'if Thamudi |
Levantine and Arabian Traditions
|
arabian_gfx |
| Aramaic | Aramaic Assyrian Babylonian |
 Persian Traditions
|
persian_gfx |
| Persian | Agartian Albanian Amardian Armenian Cadusian Cappadocian Carian Carmanian Cilician Colchian Cossian Elamite Gedrosian Hyrcanian Ibero Isaurian Lycaonian Lycian Median Mysian Pactyan Pamphylian Paphlagonian Parecanian Parthian Pasargadi Phrygian Pontic Sarangian Sattagydian Utian Uxian |
Persian Traditions
|
persian_gfx |
| Bactrian | Bactrian Phryni Shule Sogdian Tayuan Wusun |
Persian Traditions
|
persian_gfx |
| Scythian | Dahae Kharesmian Kothanese Maeotian Margian Roxolanian Sarmatian Scythian Sindi Siracian Tocharian Yuezhi |
Persian Traditions
|
scythian_gfx |
| Tibetan | Sumpa Tsang Yarlung Zhangzhung |
 Indian Traditions
|
north_indian_gfx |
| Aryan | Avanti Bangli Gandhari Kalingan Kamarupi Lankan Magadhi Maharashtran Saurashtran Shauraseni Sindhi Vidharban |
Indian Traditions
|
north_indian_gfx |
| Dravidian | Kannadan Tamil Telugu |
Indian Traditions
|
south_indian_gfx |