科技

The main technology interface

Technology represents the discovery, improvement, and implementation of new tools, techniques, and customs that give a wide variety of powerful bonuses across every field. Technologically advanced nations will field a more effective military, make more efficient use of their pops and resources, and be able to create a more stable and loyal realm, while those that fall behind will find it increasingly difficult to keep up with their peers. All technologies fall into one of four fields - martial, civic, oratory and religious - and can be divided between generic advances that gain progress from generation of research points by nobles and citizens and more specific inventions that can be bought using gold. The main technology interface can be accessed though the Technology button in the top bar.

Advances

Advances represent the general level of knowledge and technology that the country has reached. They provide a baseline level of modifiers from increased technology and each advance unlocks 3 inventions to be added to the pool (occasionally more if the country has access to culture or government-specific technologies). There is no cap in the maximum level of advances that can be achieved, though after level 20 advances will stop unlocking new inventions and will only provide their base modifiers. Advances are slowly researched over time based on the amount of research points that a country produces in proportion to its integrated culture population, subject to many different modifiers that can further increase or decrease the speed at which research progress is accumulated.

Research Points

Research points represent the contribution of pops towards the technological and intellectual advancement of the country, and are summed up over every pop in every owned territory every month to get the total research points for the state. Research points are generated exclusively by nobles and citizens, who produce a base output of 0.5 and 0.2 research points, respectively, each month at 100% happiness. Therefore, research point production is affected by noble output and citizen output as well as research point modifiers, and is also heavily dependent on the proportion and happiness of nobles and citizens in the country. This means that increasing noble ratio and citizen ratio directly through laws and libraries and courts of law or indirectly by building more and larger cities (as nobles and citizens do not exist in appreciable numbers in settlements) are also an effective longer-term solution towards increasing research point production. Large cities and metropolises are usually the largest source of research points in the middle to late game, as the stacking effects of libraries, courts of law, and academies means that they usually have both the highest proportion of nobles and citizens and the highest research point production per noble/citizen, though population capacity means that larger empires will still need a significant number of cities to produce enough research.

每个100%幸福度的贵族提供0.5基础研究点，公民0.2个。

Research Efficiency

Research efficiency is the ratio of research points produced per year to integrated culture population and the main component of the actual research progress each month, meaning that larger countries generally need higher research point generation in order to keep up with research. It is calculated according to the following formula:研究效率遵循下列公式（12倍的研究点数量/已接受的人口数）*100%

[math]\displaystyle{ \text{Research efficiency}=\frac{\text{Research Points}\cdot 12}{\text{Integrated Culture Population}}\cdot 100% }[/math]

Generally, it is desirable to keep research efficiency at at least 80% in order to research advances at a reasonable pace. Research efficiency cannot go higher than 300%, though it can still be useful to try to push the research points to population ratio higher in order to provide a buffer when enslaving pops or conquering new territory. Small, highly urbanized city-states will generally have a much higher research efficiency than sprawling empires with many rural pops, though it is possible to have a high research efficiency even with the largest empires so long as the major cities are sufficiently large and research-focused, of which growth through enslavement, migration, and continued urbanization will typically be needed to keep up.

As the denominator of research efficiency is based on the integrated culture population, not the total population, it is also possible to get high research efficiency by keeping a relatively small core of integrated culture pops compared to the empire's total output - especially useful is conquering foreign areas with significant numbers of nobles and citizens, as they will produce research points but not count against the denominator for research efficiency. However, the lower happiness of unintegrated culture pops, and particularly those of the higher classes that produce research, generally means that more care has to be taken to ensure their happiness and keep unrest under control compared to integrating them.

Monthly Research

Monthly research is the base value of research progress for all four fields and is obtained by dividing research efficiency by 240, corresponding to a base time of 240 months (20 years) for each advance. The research efficiency cap at 300% means that the highest possible base monthly research is 1.25%.

月度研究是四个领域研究进展的基础值，通过将研究效率除以240得出，也就是说研究效率是每240个月（20年）完成科技数量。300%的研究效率上限意味着最高可能的每月基础研究是1.25%。

Research Progress

Research progress is the actual monthly progress in each field of advances. The base value is the monthly research, which is then modified by the field-specific research speed modifier. The technology speed modifier affects the research speed in all fields, while the field-specific technology modifiers ( military tech investment, civic tech investment, oratory tech investment, and religious tech investment) are applied only to the research speed of one specific field. Modifiers to research speed can come from various deity bonuses and omens, country heritages, trade goods, and event/mission modifiers, but the main component of research speed for each field will typically be the attribute of the field's researcher corresponding to the field. The behind/ahead of time modifier is applied multiplicatively after all the other modifiers, and gives a -0.50% malus for each year ahead and +0.50% bonus for each year behind the country is compared to the benchmark of 1 advance every 20 years after the start of the game.

An advance will be researched once the total research progress for that field reaches 100%, with any overflow carried over for the next advance. The progress and effects (including unlocked inventions) of the next advance in each field can be viewed in the tooltip of the corresponding progress bar.

Researchers

Each technology field can have one researcher assigned to it, who leads the research efforts in that field and has a significant influence on how quickly advances in that field progress, giving a +10% research speed boost for each attribute point corresponding to the field ( martial for military advances, finesse for civic advances, charisma for oratory advances, and zeal for religious advances). Like all other jobs and offices, holding the researcher position counts towards prominence, family prestige, power base, and the number of positions that a major family expects to hold.

Fields

The modifiers for a single level of advances in each field are listed below. Each level provides an additional modifier on top of the previous ones already accumulated.

Martial Advances

• +0.07 Morale of Armies
• +0.07 Morale of Navies
• +5% Army Maintenance Cost
• +5% Navy Maintenance Cost

Civic Advances

• +2% Population Capacity
• +2.5% National Commerce Income

Oratory Advances

• +2% Country Civilization Value

Religious Advances

• +2.5% Omen Power

Starting advances level

Each country starts with a predetermined level of technological advances, usually determined by their culture and civilization level.

The following countries/cultures start with all advances at level 2:

• Italic culture group (except Ligurian, Venetic, and Rhaetian)
• Hellenistic culture group ( 派俄尼亚,  卡帕多基亚,  帕提亚, and  特拉布宗)
• Punic and Phoenician culture (except  具姆奈西亚)
• Assyrian culture
• Median culture
• Tamil culture (if coastal)
• Magadhi, Shauraseni, Gandhari, Avanti, and Lankan culture
•  阿普利亚

The following countries/cultures start with all advances at level 1:

• Bactrian culture group
• Meroitic culture group (except  玻拉斯)
• Aksumite culture group
• Ligurian culture (except  俄克叙比亚)
• Aramaic culture
• Hebrew culture
• Colchian, and Ibero culture
• Armenian culture
• Tamil culture (if inland)
•  卡帕多基亚
•  帕提亚
•  迦陵伽
•  罗絺迦

All other countries start with no advances (level 0).

Inventions

Inventions represent specific technologies or practices that can be adopted by the state in order to get a specific bonus. Every invention is associated with a specific level and field of advances that needs to be reached before the invention is unlocked, typically with every advance unlocking 3 inventions (occasionally more when culture-specific inventions are unlocked). There are a total of 279 inventions spread across the four fields (251 available to all countries, 2 available depending on country rank, 3 government type-specific, and 11 country/culture-specific), with the last inventions being unlocked after reaching level 20 of each advance; higher levels of technology after that do not unlock any further inventions.

Each field has a pool of up to 3 inventions that can be adopted at any given time, with the most recently unlocked inventions always chosen first. Inventions can be adopted at a base cost of 0.15 gold per pop in each of the country's owned territories, which means that larger empires need to pay significantly more to adopt an invention. This cost can be adjusted by the Invention Cost modifier, currently possible only from a special event modifier. Not adopting inventions has no penalty other than not having access to the bonus and does not prevent further advances from being researched or new inventions from being unlocked and added to the pool, but as the newest inventions are always chosen first from the pool it will require purchasing a significant number of more recently unlocked inventions in order to be able to adopt older ones that were missed. All previously adopted inventions and their effects can be viewed in the ledger.

Unlike advances, no country has any inventions adopted at the start, not even those that otherwise begin with a higher level of technology.

Martial Inventions

Advances Level	Name	Modifier	Other Requirements	Description
N	Professional Sailors	-5% Ship Damage Taken		Relying on career sailors, we can be assured that our navies will be crewed by the very best.
N	Learning on the Job	+7.5% Starting Experience		It is said that the best way to learn, is by doing. We expect that our recruits will learn swiftly, with a sword in their hands. Or they will die.
N	Supernumerarii	+10% Supply Limit		An auxiliary group of enlisted men, the supernumerarii acted as reinforcements, orderlies, and performed other non-specific duties.
1	Archimedes Principle	+10% Ship Starting Experience	Is  叙拉古	The seminal law of displacement was presented by Archimedes, a Greek polymath, who posited that an object immersed in water was subject to an upward force equal to the weight of the water displaced by the object.
1	Extraordinary Ordnance	+5% Siege Ability		Throughout Antiquity, examples of unusual siege ammunition can be found. Snakes, severed body parts, and incendiary substances were used to demoralize or enrage opponents.
1	Military Artisans	-10% Military Provincial Investment Cost:		Guilds of artisans, employed by the military, ensure that innovation is passed down to those deserving, and provide a hotbed of scholarly thought by which our progress flourishes.
1	Fustuarium	+10% Heavy Infantry Discipline		There is nothing that inspires a soldier as much as the fear of a shameful death.
2	Sapping	+1 Siege Engineers		Purportedly used during the siege of Veii, long tunnels could be built underneath the fortifications of enemies, allowing access, or even the chance to damage enemy walls.
2	Pentaspastos	+5% Fort Defense		The Pentaspastos was an innovative Greek crane, ideal for constructing defensive walls, buildings, and fortresses.
2	Material Science	-10% Army Weight Modifier		Concrete, carburization, bronzework, and even the working of wood, contribute directly to the development of military technology. Harder steel in particular, allows numerous innovations previously thought impossible. In Rome, the Praefectus Fabrum oversaw the dissemination of various military innovations directly.
3	Boeotian Helmet	+5% Discipline		The boeotian helmet, favored by Alexander himself, allowed good vantage of one's surroundings, while still providing protection to the cranium.
3	Centuria	+5% Quadrireme Discipline		Establishing a command cadre on board each vessel, delineates between the common oarsmen, and the tactical elite.
3	Galley Slaves	-10% Navy Maintenance Cost		Whilst many of our crew should continue to be professional oarsmen, relying on galley slaves during times of need, will reduce our operating costs.
4	Paymasters	-10% Army Maintenance Cost		Placing the oversight of army pay in the hands of shrewd and incorruptible men, we might find that we save a surprising amount of gold.
4	Fighting Season	-10% Supply Limit		Knowledge of the weather, clime, and seasonal patterns, is vital when raising armies and waging war. By paying attention to these signs, we can better prepare our forces.
4	Coastal Defense Forts	+15% Naval Range:		The act of creating coastal defense forts was often to provide a safe haven for local villagers during pirate attacks, rather than active defense against raids.
5	Astrolabe	-10% Navy Attrition	Is  弗里吉亚	The astrolabe was in intricate tool used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies in relation to the horizon. Developed on over the years, it was used for navigation, astronomy, and even the scheduling of important events and prayer.
5	Naval Supply Lines	+1 Siege Engineers		Coastal sieges were particularly harsh, as often, enemy cities could resupply by sea. By establishing our own system of patrol and resupply, we cut off all our foes' hope.
5	Basic Training	+5% Starting Experience		Providing new recruits with the most basic of training may at least let them survive the first few swings.
5	Military Sponsors	+5 Loyalty of Generals		Ensuring that every general we recruit has the backing of a certain number of loyal and upstanding peers, guarantees that we will weed out any that are likely to misuse their office.
6	Siege Towers	+5% Siege Ability		During the siege of Rhodes, Demetrios employed towering siege engines to attempt to scale the walls of the Rhodian city.
6	Scorched Earth	+1 Hostile Attrition		Knowing that enemy forces will soon be crossing our lands, we can ensure that any potential supplies are moved, or simply destroyed.
6	Professional Training	+20% Cohort Recruitment Speed		By relying only on the most skilled tutors, we cut down on the time it takes to produce adequately informed fighting men.
7	Manipular Legion	+5% Discipline		Originating somewhere in the south of Italy, this logistic fighting force was a collection of 'maniples'. Each maniple consisted of 120 men organized as a cohesive unit, fighting in concert with any number of additional maniples.
7	Vault and Dome	+5% Fort Defense		Rome pioneered the usage of arches for bridge building, allowing for huge tasks to be completed in a fraction of the time.
7	Siege Ladders	+5% Assault Ability		Storming a fortified position, whilst sometimes utilizing great siege engines, could often be achieved through more conventional means. Enough men and ladders, and any fort will fall, casualties notwithstanding.
8	Corvus	+1% Ship Capture Chance	One of the following is true: Is  罗马 Is  迦太基 and has completed the mission task Roman Inventions	Thought to be a unique manner of boarding device consisting of winch and bridge, the Corvus allowed soldiers to board enemy vessels with consummate ease.
8	Squadrons	+10% Trireme Discipline		Assigning every ship to a squadron will allow them to fight together as a cohesive unit, in the heat of battle.
8	Scorpio	+1 Siege Engineers		A small, antipersonnel variant of the siege ballista, the scorpion was deployed to deadly effect during prolonged sieges.
8	Blacksmith Apprentices	-10% Heavy Infantry Cost		With more hands at their disposal our blacksmiths are sure to be more effective than ever before.
9	Investment	+5% Siege Ability		The process of surrounding a fortified location with secondary fortifications, served as a means of entirely dissociating them from the outside world.
9	Patterned Construction	+20% Ship Recruitment Speed		Maintaining specified construction standards for our vessels is a sure way to increase the speed at which our shipyards can produce them.
9	Praefectus Fabrum	+10% Army Movement Speed		The military logistics and research arm of the Roman military oversaw various innovations, and their dissemination throughout the standing army.
10	Veteran Enticements	+5% Discipline		Encouraging retired soldiers to sign up to serve once again, will greatly increase the fighting experience of our armies.
10	Ship's Surgeon	-10% Navy Attrition		By ensuring that every vessel has at least one crewmen knowledgeable in the arts of healing, we can avoid many of the casualties we would otherwise incur at sea.
10	Active Drill	-0.5% Experience Decay		Armies in the field would benefit from continued drill, even up to the very eve of battle.
11	Logistics Division	+10% Supply Limit		Our flourishing army requires a dedicated supply and logistics division to ensure that we always maintain peak efficiency.
11	Recruitment Standards	+5% Starting Experience		We should aim to populate our armies with those capable of holding their own in battle.
11	Standardized Provisioning	-10% Fort Maintenance:		Ensuring our fortifications and their garrisons are well stocked, repaired, and manned with only the most necessary personnel will keep maintenance costs down.
12	Fortified Camps	+5% Fort Defense		We shall teach our armies the skills required to build fortified camps, using only the materials available around them..
12	Retirement Opportunities	-10% Army Maintenance Cost		By splitting the expected pay of soldiers into salary and retirement opportunities such as farmland, we profit off the fact that many will simply not live long enough to claim it.
12	Tormenta	+1 Siege Engineers		All manner of siege engines fit into the category of 'tormenta', often firing kinetic or incendiary projectiles intended to cause devastation and panic.
13	Contravallation	+5% Siege Ability		An extension of circumvallation, this tactic involved constructing a further ring of outward facing away from the encircled fort, preventing any enemy armies from breaking the siege.
13	Quick March	+10% Army Movement Speed		Gone are the days of rag-tag bands of soldiers wandering from place to place. By marching in regimented columns, we are sure to avoid wasted time.
13	Scythian Saddles	+10% Heavy Cavalry Discipline		With better saddles, our cavalry are sure to be more comfortable riding their horses and have more control of their mounts while engaged in combat.
14	Promotion Through Valor	+5% Discipline		Promoting troops based on their actions provides every man a reason to perform the the best of their ability.
14	Entrenchment	+5% Fort Defense		When our armies are deployed in one location for a significant period of time, they could better use their time by constructing trenches to slow the advance of potential enemies..
14	Reinforced Rostra	+5% Hexareme Discipline		Developments in metalworking allow us to better brace our ships when constructing the ram.
15	Delayed Baggage Train	+25% Supply Limit		The capture of the baggage train proved to be the downfall of many famous generals. By requiring a sizable delay between supplies, families, and our armies during active military operations, we might avoid an embarrassing incident.
15	Elite Recruitment Standards	+5% Starting Experience		The availability of veteran soldiers is at a level where we can devote at least a portion of recruitment to them alone.
15	Enhanced Training Grounds	+5% Reinforcement Speed		With designated training grounds set aside for our recruits, we have significantly reduced the amount of time needed to prepare our men to become a part of the military.
16	Siege Ramps	+1 Siege Engineers		The use of siege towers and battering rams was often rendered ineffective due to adverse terrain. The practice of constructing great ramps of earth or rubble, towards enemy fortifications, allowed siege engines to pass unhindered.
16	Army Surgeons	-10% Army Attrition		Attaching a small medical division to active armies, we can reduce the amount of avoidable casualties associated with simply maintaining a large force.
16	Tactical Withdrawal	-2 Retreat Delay		At times it is imperative to prepare your men for a tactical withdrawal, so you can return from a stronger position later on.
17	Honesta Missio	-5% Ship Damage Taken		Ensuring that sailors receive a vast portion of their pay upon discharge, we can avoid paying those that never make it that far...
17	Lateen Sails	+10% Liburnian Discipline		A method of rigging sails, the lateen allowed ships to tack against the wind, greatly improving maneuverability.
17	Tacking	+15% Naval Range		The use of lateen sails allowed development of new naval maneuvering known as coming about, or tacking. This technique allowed ships to sail, albeit inefficiently, into the oncoming wind.
18	Ballistae	+5% Siege Ability		Resembling huge crossbows, ballistae could fire vast kinetic payloads, capable of breaking walls, bodies, and morale.
18	Veteran Reassignment	-0.50% Experience Decay		By taking an active role in ensuring that more experienced veterans are placed alongside newer recruits, we will ensure that valuable skills and knowledge retain their value for much longer.
18	Experienced Seafarers	+20% Blockade Efficiency		If we want to be respected for our naval prowess, we are forced to invite and recruit the most experienced sailors at sea no matter their background.
19	Polyspaston	+20% Fort Defense		A variant of the earlier Greek model, this crane lifted even greater weights, making huge fortifications much more viable.
19	Central Reserve	+25% Supply Limit		Maintaining a centralized store of vital military equipment will ensure that we always have the ability to keep our fighting forces supplied.
19	Mangonel	+2 Siege Engineers		The mangonel is said to have originated in China, and spread westwards over the next several centuries. Capable of hurling a projectile vastly further than any previous siege engine, it was sure to strike fear into any potential defenders.
20	Cohorts	+10% Discipline		The Cohort developed after the Marian reforms were enacted in Rome. Each sub-unit of a legion was enlarged to consist of 480 fighting men, alongside various logistics specialists.
20	Multi-Discipline Training	+5% Starting Experience		By teaching recruits the basics of all possible martial disciplines, they will have much better knowledge of how to fit in to a functioning military force.
20	Harpax	+10% Ship Damage Done		These ship-board catapults fired grappling hooks, providing ample opportunities for boarding, and the nullification of enemy vessels.

Civic Inventions

Advances Level	Name	Modifier	Other Requirements	Description
N	Black Polished Ware	+3% National Citizen Output	Is  孔雀	Black polished wares were a distinctive feature of the emergent cultures of the Indian subcontinent. The craft represented a leap in the manufacture of luxury pottery, and was likely considered a status symbol.
N	Standardized Measures	+10% Import Value		The amphora capitolina was an amphora kept in the temple of Jupiter, by which all other amphora were intended to be measured.
N	Property Tax	+5% National Tax		Landowners are every state's main source of revenue; by establishing a code of practice, we can avoid difficult situations when it comes to collection.
N	Tribal Reserve	+3% National Tribesman Output		Officially recognizing certain areas as belonging to the control of specific tribal people, is bound to increase their willingness to contribute.
1	Logistics Bureau	+1 Capital Import Routes		Our burgeoning state is beginning to struggle under its own weight. A dedicated logistics administration must be instituted to handle the flow of traders and merchants into our capital.
1	Pythagorean Mathematics	-5% Build Cost		The ancient Greek, Pythagoras, was a mathematician and philosopher of legendary repute. Embracing the practical aspects of his theories will have numerous scientific applications.
1	Advanced Wall Construction	-10% Civic Provincial Investment Cost		The need for greater defensive walls had great influence on the development of civic architecture. With masons employing ever-more innovative methods to construct buttresses and towers, so too did grand civic structures begin to soar to the heavens.
2	Devolved Responsibility	+3% National Tribesman Output		Granting minor ethnic groups the right to self-governance lessens the burden on the state, and increases the efficiency of the tribal society in question.
2	Peregrini	+3% Unintegrated Culture Happiness		By granting a specific status to outsiders, we can recognize them legally and domestically, as members of our state; value notwithstanding.
2	Rights of Man	+3% National Slave Output		Slave treatment varies wildly from state to state, but we believe that a basic code of human rights will encourage our slaves to work harder.
3	Complex Irrigation Systems	-1 Slaves needed for Surplus	Is  阿㝹罗陀补罗	The irrigation systems constructed in the Kingdom of Anuradhapura were intricate beyond measure. Requiring precise measurement of inclination, they enabled the widespread cultivation of crops across vast swathes of lands. Some of the largest irrigation conduits are said to have reached many dozens of miles in length.
3	State Harbor Fees	+5% National Commerce Income		Implementing a small fee on the use of our ports is unlikely to affect footfall, and will earn us a little more from trade.
3	De Architectura	-5% Build Cost		Written by Marcus Vitruvius Pollo in the late 1st Century BC, De Architectura was a series of treatises on Roman architecture. The practices mentioned within were detailed in extraordinary fashion, giving incredible insight as to the advanced building methods of the time.
3	Right to be Heard	+3% National Citizen Output		Acknowledging the right for our nobles to make their argument before the authorities will vastly increase their tendency to work within the system, and not without.
4	Eisphora	+5% National Tax		The Greeks had an ephemeral taxation system, but the practice of levying a wealth tax during times of crisis was a valuable addition to the treasury.
4	Code of Rights	+3% National Freeman Output		An established code, detailing the rights of every non-landowning member of our society, is likely to please the majority.
4	River Barges	+1 Capital Import Routes		The needs of our capital must be served - operating regular grain barges from the coast to the point nearest our capital will alleviate some of the burden on private traders.
4	Tallow Soap	File:Global monthly food modifier.png +5% Global Monthly Food Modifier	Is in the Pretani, Gallic, Pannonian, Belgae, or Germanic culture group	The Romans acknowledged that the Celts used a curious mixture of ash and tallow to clean themselves; considering the practice really rather exotic.
5	Moral Education	-5% Build Cost		More important than any school of mathematics, is the study of how to behave, and how to apply reason to any situation. Teaching our children this at an early age, will usher in a new era of philosophy.
5	Land Tithe	+3% National Tribesman Output		Tolerating foreign tribesmen on our land can make some uneasy, but the institution of a tithe on the land they occupy is likely to calm those voices, and earn us a pretty penny in the meantime.
5	Ius Honorarium	-15% Enact Law Cost		Yielding to the magistrates, the right to amend, supplement and correct existing laws, lessens the need for our government to pass judgment on iterations of the same law, numerous times.
6	River Outposts	+1 Capital Import Routes		Trade flows with the tide, they say, but the rivers are the veins and arteries of our commercial network. Establishing regular outposts along them will give traders a sense of security, and attract greater investment.
6	Expanded Financial Remit	-10% Monthly Wages for Characters		Offices such as that of the Quaestors of Rome were imbued with judicial power, and supervised the financial affairs of state. Expanding the remit of these persons will give them greater ability to root out financial wrongdoing, and corrupt behavior.
6	Overseers	+3% National Slave Output		A Vilicus, in Rome, was an often well-treated slave, who was elevated over his or her brethren. This practice often resulted in easier communication with the slave population of any given enterprise.
7	Movement of Water	-10% Civic Provincial Investment Cost		Mills, aqueducts, and primitive engines, all developed due to the need for flowing water within the confines of a city. This technology drove further innovation, eventually resulting in sawmills and complex irrigation.
7	Slave Latifundia	-1 Slaves needed for Surplus		The establishment of vast plantations, mines, or other specialized land dedicated to production, populated largely by slaves or working class persons, vastly improves the efficiency of our resource gathering. Such latifundia were often distributed after conquest, to entrepreneurial private citizens, commanders, and those willing to pay for them.
7	Hypocaust	+3% National Citizen Output		The Romans pioneered the creation of underfloor heating. Using a complex system of flues and furnaces, the hypocaust was a rare, but prestigious addition to villas and bathhouses.
8	Lighthouses	+10% Export Value		Construction of lighthouses is an absolute necessity to keep the flow of trade safe in our nation. The concept of lighthouses developed from simple hill-fires, to grand edifices such as the lighthouse at Alexandria.
8	Pedagoguery	+10% Population Capacity		Encouraging those of means to employ renowned pedagogues, should ensure that the elite possess a surfeit of intelligence when coming of age.
8	Curb the Tax Collectors	+3% National Freeman Output		The powers of tax collectors vary widely from nation to nation. Limiting their use of coercion will make valuable inroads towards promoting the flourishing of the middle classes.
9	Liturgies	+5% National Tax		The Greeks created a system whereby wealthy individuals were required to sponsor one of a number of different public works. Ranging from dramatic tragedies to regiment formation, we are sure to find this system helpful.
9	Tribal Advocates	+3% National Tribesman Output		Appointing advocates to speak on behalf of foreign tribal societies within our borders, gives them a voice within our political process.
9	Coloniae	+10% Pop Migration Speed		The Roman colonization of Britain was a classic example of the practice that had been employed by the Greeks in their conquest of Persia and Egypt. Granting land to soldiers and their families, acted as a standing garrison in recently conquered territories.
10	Maritime Patrols	+1 Capital Import Routes		Piracy was a huge issue in the Mediterranean - until the eradication of the Cilician pirates by Pompey in 66 BC, a strong maritime presence was required to safeguard civilian and military vessels.
10	Granted Manumission	+10% Pop Promotion Speed		Enabling slave owners to release their slaves with genuine legal status, is vital to the continued co-existence of owner and slave.
10	Religious Assimilation	+10% Pop Conversion Speed		The practice of integrating foreign beliefs into the pantheistic structure of the Roman religion, made it much easier to assimilate distrustful foreigners into the republic.
11	The Father of Geometry	+3% National Citizen Output		Euclid of Alexandria, a prolific mathematician and scholar, developed the first coherent study of geometry. The basic premises he describes should be taught across our nation.
11	Cultural Judiciary	+3% Unintegrated Culture Happiness		Permitting the devolved rule of law as regards provincial cultures, will relieve the burden on our governors, and will keep the indigenous population content.
11	Cultural Administration	+10% Pop Assimilation Speed		Adopting our culture is a mark of prestige, and is a right only given out to our most esteemed foreign citizens.
12	Regulated Money Lenders	+10% Import Value		The plight of the poor is rarely relieved by money lenders, but we must accept that they are a necessary evil. Instituting financial regulations, however, may at least let us profit from them.
12	Waste Disposal Infrastructure	+3% National Citizen Output		Developed in eons past, the idea of a unified waste disposal architecture is still a lofty goal. Clean streets, and public bathhouses are sure to increase the quality of living.
12	Public Slavery	+3% National Slave Output		Slaves owned by the state were championed by various regimes. In Rome, a servus publicus would perform one of a number of civic duties, ranging from basic servile tasks, to menial bureaucratic work.
13	Right to Religious Observance	+3% National Tribesman Output		In most cases, the religion that any given tribe practices, is of no consequence to us. Therefore, giving them limited protection over the rights to practice exotic beliefs is a small price to pay for their security.
13	Water Pumps	+3% National Freeman Output		In every major city, the dangers of fire are muttered about with bated breath. The installation of water pumps in key locations, allows the good men and women of our nation to combat these risks.
13	Prestigious Trade Goods	+10% Export Value		Our merchants and traders have spent years building up a certain flare and some prestige around the goods being exported from our nation, and so more people would like the chance to grow closer and take part in our trade deals.
14	Encourage Exploration	+1 Capital Import Routes		There are still unknown lands to the east - by encouraging our brave citizens to venture further afield, we can flood our market with exotic items of all kinds.
14	Use of State Land	+5% National Tax		The Mauryan empire levied a land usage tax on territories it considered as crown land. Aggressive zoning of this land can be a significant money-making opportunity.
14	Embracing Philosophy	-10% Diplomatic Stance Cost		The various schools of philosophy arising out of Greece, and further afield, combine mathematics, theology, cosmology, and much more, to create a distinct world view. The study, debate, and intellectual sparring between these schools of thought is likely to fuel advancement in any number of fields.
15	Gromatici	-25% Build Roads Cost		'Rod Men', as they were otherwise known, assisted the primary surveyor in assessing the straightness of roads. These civil engineers were experts in their field, and greatly improved the efficiency of road building.
15	Petition of Minorities	+3% Unintegrated Culture Happiness		Allowing accepted minority leaders to submit petitions on behalf of their people, at least gives them the opportunity to make their grievances known.
15	Earned Manumission	+3% National Slave Output		Granting the right for publicly owned slaves to earn their freedom, gives an incentive for slaves to be calm and productive throughout their working lives.
16	Temporary Office	-10% Monthly Wages for Characters		By reducing the time any single soldier holds a title in our military, they are less likely to have the time and means to take advantage of the system.
16	Clean Water	+3% National Citizen Output		From simple wells, to grand aqueducts, the access to sanitary water is a right our higher classes demand.
16	State Fire Brigade	+3% National Freeman Output		The first recorded official fire brigade was instigated by Marcus Licinius Crassus in the 1st Century BC. Whilst Crassus' fire brigade acted more as extortionists than genuine firefighters, the existence of a brigade will greatly enhance the security of the masses.
17	Gradated Citizenship	+20% Pop Promotion Speed		A series of 'levels', each denoting different rights and privileges, which can be attained by non-citizens in our nation, ensure that there is a ladder to climb, and that there is always something to work towards.
17	Opus Caementicium	-20% Build Time		Roman concrete was a seminal invention, developed in the 3rd or 2nd Century BC. It quickly became widely used, and was found in villas, military buildings, roads, and many other constructions.
17	Mercenary Benefits	-25% Recruit Mercenary Cost		Rewarding mercenaries for their service as if they were our own veterans will attract greater numbers of foreign volunteers willing to accept less pay.
18	Crucifixion	+3% National Slave Output		Ubiquitous in antiquity, crucifixion was a punishment largely reserved for slaves, in Rome. Whilst crimes would have to be severe to incur such a death, witnessing this punishment must have had a severe psychological effect.
18	Trade Ports	+1 Capital Import Routes		With large piers, ports and administration set aside for the merchants visiting our cities, we are sure to get a better handle on all trade being done inside the nation.
18	Urban Planning	+1 City Building Slots		By planning out our cities ahead of time, we can make sure to get the most out of any potential location.
19	Import Tax	+5% National Tax		Many empires in antiquity imposed a tax on the import, and sometimes export, of goods. Whilst Rome felt they had little use for it, the Mauryan empire sometimes imposed taxes of up to 20% in imported goods.
19	Servile Bondage	+3% National Citizen Output		The old right of free men to enter into a contract of servitude with the noble classes is controversial, but will surely improve the lot of the elite.
19	Limited Governship	-10% Governor Wage		Displacing the authority of our governors is essential for reducing the likelihood of them becoming minor independent warlords trying to wrest control from our central leadership.
20	Mandated Record Keeping	+10% National Commerce Income		In Rome, the keeping of records by the mercatores and argentii was a legal requirement. Being able to track the flow of revenue is a necessity for a functioning bureaucracy.
20	Triumviri Capitales	+3% National Freeman Output		In Rome, the capitales were responsible for prisons, punishment, and peace. Instituting this office will greatly increase the level of order in our nation, which is bound to increase productivity.
20	Divinely Guided	-50% Loyalty Gain Chance		It is a well known fact among our people that our nation has been guided by the divine itself, and our leadership must therefore be chosen as well. And what fool would oppose something like that?

Oratory Inventions

Advances Level	Name	Modifier	Other Requirements	Description
0	Proxenoi	+20% Improve Opinion Maximum		A prelude to the later concept of permanent ambassadors, proxenoi were chosen by Greek city-states, to act as representatives in neighboring cities.
0	Aggressive Protection	+0.25 Claim Fabrication Speed		Sometimes, the only excuse we need, is that we are the only ones who can truly offer security.
0	Humane Conduct	-5% War score Cost		The concept of battlefield honor has existed for millennia, nonetheless, we should set down a code for dealing with our opponents, that we ourselves might receive fair treatment in defeat.
1	Imperial Calendar	+5% Population Capacity	Is  塞琉古帝国	The Seleucid Empire were responsible for the propagation of a novel manner of time-keeping. Rather than beginning the calendar anew upon the changing of a monarch, a primitive yet functional system of universal time was established. This new method quickly gained traction, and was used for numerous administrative and record-keeping purposes.
1	Fetiales	-5% Aggressive Expansion Impact		The Fetial priests were a group of ancient Latin priests, who performed unusual rites relating to the declaration of war.
1	Official Orators	-0.01 Monthly Tyranny		Employing skilled speakers to proclaim our decrees, laws, and decisions, will lessen the chance of fomenting dissent in our populace.
1	Equal Integration	-0.02 Aggressive Expansion Change		Establishing the rights of conquered peoples, is an important first step to integration, and will lessen the ire of those displeased by our conquest.
2	Brahmi Script	+2.5% Integrated Culture Happiness	Is in the Aryan, Pracyan, or Dravidian culture group	Spreading from the south, this ancient writing system was used ubiquitously in the Indian subcontinent. Found on the rock edicts of Ashoka, to numerous religious texts, the language provided common ground for the peoples of India.
2	Centralized Comites	-20% Change Governor Policy Cost		Standardizing the bureaucratic tools of our governors by providing them with competent assistants will improve the effectiveness of local government by cutting inefficiency.
2	Triumphal Coins	-20% Hold Triumph Cost		The creation of high value currency, minted purely for prestige and honor, should be produced whenever we hold a major triumph. As such, our glory will be known for all time!
2	Legal Patronage	+2 Loyalty of Characters		A system of legal sponsorship will establish a means of hierarchy within the echelons of our realm.
3	Census Data	-5% Oratory Provincial Investment Cost		The practice of taking census, is said to have first appeared in Middle Kingdom Egypt. On a wider scale, however, it became vital to the continued administration of the Roman republic; providing valuable data about the ethnicity and details of dwellers therein.
3	National Seal	+20% Improve Opinion Maximum		By awarding our seal to those who speak in our name, we avoid any questions of authenticity.
3	Coding	+15% Diplomatic Range		By making use of a pre-decided number of codes for quick communication we can greatly alleviate the perils of long distance communication with our emissaries and spies in foreign courts.
4	Scientific Patronage	+10% Research Points	Rank is at least regional power	Our influence on the regional stage demands that we prove our beneficence by sponsoring the patronage of popular or skilled natural scientists.
4	Rerum Repetitio	-5% Aggressive Expansion Impact		Performed by the Fetial priests, this rite involved the delivering of Rome's demands to an enemy state, accompanied by the ritual hurling of a blood-soaked javelin into enemy land, if the demands were not met.
4	Propraetors and Proconsuls	+5 Loyalty of Governors		Differing levels of imperium could be granted to Governors, ensuring that each knows his or her own place. This could often be used as a way to grant up-and-coming politicians a taste of what awaited them in the future.
4	Open Negotiations	+2 Diplomatic Reputation		Holding diplomatic negotiations in the full display of the public will ensure that both parties are held to their word.
5	Power Diplomacy	Allows the Intervene in War diplomatic action	Is  罗马	Merely employing the brightest minds is simply not enough for a nation of our prestige. Instead, we must provide these geniuses with the tools of their craft.
5	Hierarchy of Responsibility	-0.01 Monthly Tyranny		We must ensure that there is always someone in place to take the blame if our decisions backfire.
5	Shady Connections	-20% Assassinate Cost		Establishing connections with the shady guilds and colleges willing to do wetwork for the right price, is a sad but necessary state of affairs.
5	Tributary Administration	+10% Tribute Income		It is time that we do away with the brief, ever-changing deals with our tributaries, and institute a formal written agreement, laying out both sides of the arrangement in a simple manner.
6	Sponsored Research	+10% Research Points	Rank is at least major power	Merely employing the brightest minds is simply not enough for a nation of our prestige. Instead, we must provide these geniuses with the tools of their craft.
6	Regular Senate Hours	-20% Endorse Party Cost	Is a republic	Institution of formal senate hours, on a daily basis, gives us much more opportunity to sway dissenting voices to our way of thinking.
6	Experienced Raiders	-20% Assemble Raiding Party Cost	Is tribal	As our people are forced to fight back the many threats at our borders, we have grown experienced and skilled at making the most out of our raids into foreign territory.
6	Codified Succession	-20% Oaths of Allegiance Cost	Is a monarchy	If we are to assure our success for generations to come, it is important that our people know who will follow in our footsteps. The steps of succession will be codified to ensure that the heirs of the nation know their place.
6	Casus Belli	-5% War score Cost		Establishing a just cause for war is instrumental in negotiating favorable terms for our enemies' surrender.
6	Formalized Dependencies	+10% Subject Opinion of Us		Formalizing a state of protection with the leadership of our subjects, similar to the system of Socii under the Romans, goes a long way to easing the minds of our vassals.
7	Defending Liberty	-5% Aggressive Expansion Impact		No matter our true cause, proclaiming that those weaker than ourselves are incapable of defending themselves, and therefore in need of our benevolent guidance, we garner acclaim on the international stage.
7	Steganography	+15% Diplomatic Range		The concealment of secret messages is an art that any country wishing to transfer diplomatic correspondence over any notable distances, must master. By employing inventive, if often simple, ways of hiding information we will be able to keep in contact with our distant ambassadors.
7	Mandate Local Governance	-0.02 Aggressive Expansion Change		Once the ex-governments of our conquests are toppled, we should respect the local regional administration of foreign lands. They, after all, know their people better than we.
8	Permanent Ambassadors	+20% Improve Opinion Maximum		By permanently employing those with silken tongues to speak on our behalf, we can soothe our neighbors far better than before.
8	Approved Familia	+3 Loyalty of Characters		Recognizing certain families as important bloodlines related to the history of our nation, guarantees a certain amount of respectability amongst nobility.
8	Proportional Agreements	+10% Tribute Income		Some of our less civilized tributaries cannot always produce currency to fulfill their end of our arrangements. We should be willing to accept goods in kind.
9	Seeded Acclamation	-0.01 Monthly Tyranny		It may be an old trick, but seeding the crowd with paid supporters is a surefire way to stir up support in some of our less popular decisions.
9	Espionage	-25% Inspire Disloyalty Cost		Forming a network of sympathetic minds in foreign nations, makes it a lot easier to effect change outside our borders.
9	Summitry	+1 Diplomatic Relations		The act of holding regular summit meetings amongst similarly sized powers, provides a splendid opportunity for making new friends... or enemies.
10	Mercenary Reliance	-10% Mercenary Army Maintenance		Letting it be known that we always fulfill a portion of our military endeavors by employing mercenaries, will keep offers competitive, amongst those vying for work.
10	Military Ambassadors	-5% Aggressive Expansion Impact		Bestowing our diplomats with military rank will not only impress our foes, but make it quite clear that we hold the carrot, and the stick.
10	Gradual Economic Integration	-0.02 Aggressive Expansion Change		Demanding full tax and tribute from conquered lands is only likely to cause civil unrest. Instead, we should ease them into a full tithe gradually.
11	War Propaganda	-5% War score Cost		By disseminating sure knowledge that our cause is just, we are certain to have a stronger bargaining position when it comes to demanding terms.
11	Town Criers	-20% Smear Reputation Cost		Employing skilled orators on our behalf will allow us to anonymously spread the truth about those wicked enough to act against our interests.
11	Administrative Patronage	+2 Loyalty of Characters		Encouraging our governors to develop personal ties of patronage with subjects, increases both the loyalty of their subjects, and reinforces the system altogether.
12	Provincial Census	-10% Oratory Provincial Investment Cost		Extending the census to include far-flung reaches of our realm, foreigners, and all who claim residence within our borders, greatly increases our demographic knowledge and our ability to plan upon it.
12	Diplomatic Immunity	+10 Subject Opinion of Us		The distance between seats of government means that the safety of ambassadors must be sacrosanct - we must all speak on the same terms.
12	Shift Cipher	+15% Diplomatic Range		Adapting basic cryptographic routines for our diplomats and messengers will allow us to transfer information more safely over great distances.
13	Divine Mandate	-5% Aggressive Expansion Impact		Ensuring that our neighbors know the we believe in our divine right to conquer, they should hardly be surprised when we do...
13	Hereditary Ambassadorship	+20% Improve Opinion Maximum		Appointing new ambassadors every time one of them dies, takes up unnecessary and precious time. We should encourage them to take their family with them, and confer ambassadorship to their sons, in the event of an accident.
13	Yearly Installments	+10% Tribute Income		The old days of yearly treasure chests are behind us. To maintain an accurate balance sheet, we must encourage our tributaries to offer us a regular stipend.
14	Adventus	-0.01 Monthly Tyranny		Whenever our glorious leader travels to another city, we must proclaim their entry with trumpets, triumph, and celebration. Thus, shall all know the majesty of our nation.
14	Transferred Citizenship	+10 Subject Opinion of Us		By allowing the citizens of our subjects to apply for citizenship in our own nation, we might ease the tensions between ourselves and our subjects. After all, we can always refuse them...
14	Grand Triumph	+5 Loyalty of Generals		Our generals loyalty will be secured when they fight safe with the knowledge a triumph awaits their victories, and a chance to be written down in our annals and remembered as one of the great protectors of our nation.
15	Selective Immunity	-0.02 Monthly Corruption		Clearly, any laws requiring the indictment of our ruling classes, make ruling very difficult indeed. They should be amended with this new principle in mind.
15	Oaths of Fealty	-0.02 Aggressive Expansion Change		It may seem like a small gesture, but insisting that conquered administrations swear their undying loyalty to us, legitimizes our conquests in the eyes of our peers.
15	Extended Diplomacy	+15% Control range modifier		It is essential for our nation to get to know our adversaries, no matter how far away they might be.
16	Acta Diurna	+6% Integrated Culture Happiness	Is  罗马	The Acta Diurna is regarded as an early form of daily newspaper. Often affixed to boards in meeting places, they contained information on the government narrative of important events and happenings within the nation.
16	Book Binding	+5% Research Points	Is  罗马	Whereas wax tablets, scrolls, and even stone tablets had been common ways of storing information, the Romans developed the practice of binding information in codices, prolonging the life of stored information, considerably.
16	Symbolic Victory	-5% Warscore Cost		Forcing our defeated opponents' leaders to kneel before us and pay homage, establishes our supremacy. After this, none would dare ask for more favorable terms.
16	Noble Envoys	+1 Diplomatic Relations		Our subjects, enemies, and allies, will feel much more honored if we send our finest and most upstanding members of society to speak in our place.
16	Local Embassies	+10 Loyalty of Subject States		By setting up diplomatic envoys that will work from our subjects' own lands, they are sure to feel like we are closer than we have ever been before.
17	Lawful Treaties	-20% No Casus Belli War Cost		Ensuring that both parties to a diplomatic agreement have full recognizance of the contents, is vital to ensuring fair deals between nations.
17	Patrocinium	+2 Loyalty of Characters		The protection offered by the system of patronage establishes legal and financial security. We should encourage this behavior amongst our more benevolent elite.
17	Tributary Legates	+10% Tribute Income		Some of our more far-flung tributary states are less inclined to offer us a full quota of tribute. By creating a new office of ambassador, entirely devoted to reminding these uncultured sorts of our potential for retribution, we might better encourage them to fulfill their end of the bargain.
18	Command Incentives	-25% Recruit General Cost		It is not enough to expect our generals to fight for the glory of our nation. We must ensure that they have a right to spoils, property, and responsibilities in the lands they conquer.
18	Polybius Square	+15% Diplomatic Range		Polybius Square is an elegant solution to the need for allowing easier encryption and deciphering of information in the field. Safe transfer of secret information is vital for conducting long range diplomacy.
18	Foreign Network	+1 Diplomatic Relations		By building a massive network of contacts among our friends, allies and enemies, we are sure to get a better understanding of one another.
19	Chironomia	-0.02 Monthly Tyranny		The traditional hand signals employed by those skilled in rhetoric, give our words a weight and believability which they previously lacked.
19	Career Negotiators	-5% War score Cost		When writing treaties, we ought to send our most qualified negotiators. It is quite possible to slip in a few extra clauses if enough legal jargon is included...
19	Diplomatic Apologetics	-0.02 Aggressive Expansion Change		Keeping our ambassadors and diplomats in the loop, ensures that they can smooth things over after we draw the ire of our peers.
20	Military Patronage	+2 Loyalty of Characters		The relationship between generals, soldiers, and veterans should be extended to include an official system of patronage. This will broaden our hierarchical society even further.
20	Allied Representatives	+25 Subject Opinion of Us		Granting our major subjects a seat upon our council, we allow them to better represent their own opinions. Whether or not they are listened to.
20	Satellite Status	+25% Tribute Income		Formally recognizing the autonomy of our tributary states is a small price to pay for their continued donations to our cause.

Religious Inventions

Advances Level	Name	Modifier	Other Requirements	Description
0	Hierarchical Haruspication	+5% Omen Power		Sacrifices are a standard way in which we may offer our wishes and prayers to the divine. A written code detailing the acceptability of varying sacrificial creatures, will assist our priests and people.
0	Oath of Brotherhood	+2% Army Morale Recovery		Formalizing a soldier's commitment to fight for his or her comrades, was an act which solidified the bond of brotherhood that only military service could bring. A Ius Iurandum, in Rome, the 'Oath of Oaths', was sworn by new soldiers, in which they pledged their lives to each other.
0	Herbalism	File:Global monthly food modifier.png +5% Global Monthly Food Modifier		Knowledge of the plants and herbs which surround us, can have uses beyond that which many would suspect. From birth control to medicine, we cannot underestimate botany.
1	F.U.G.	+2% Integrated Culture Happiness		In Rome, slaves which had escaped and been caught, were branded with the letters FUG, for fugitivus; leaving a lasting impression on themselves, and all who viewed them, as to the dangers of rebellion.
1	Grand Temples	+0.50 Pop Conversion Speed		Expanding our religious sites to include great structures, enhances the stature of the priestly class within our realm.
1	Grain Rations	+0.05% National Population Growth		Handing out portions of free grain to those who require it, keeps the wheels of our civilization turning.
2	Due Process	+0.05 Monthly Ruler Popularity Gain		Ensuring that everyone has recourse to appeal against actions or indictments, protects both the people, and gives our government an air of fairness.
2	Contractual Obligation	-5% Divine Sacrifice Cost		Religion in many ancient cultures involved a particularly personal and contractual obeisance. The large number of aspects or gods gave each individual the ability to choose how to pray, and to customize the manner in which they did so.
2	Accepted Rites	+3% Unintegrated Culture Group Happiness		Compiling a list of accepted religious rites, as often practiced by foreigners within our realm, will grant a certain degree of security to our foreign populace.
3	Marine Auxilia	+2% Navy Morale Recovery		Choosing to serve as crewman or marine was the only choice that potential crew-members would receive. There primarily to defend against boarding, or to capture enemy ships in boarding actions, the presence of a marine detachment was a widespread tradition amongst state navies.
3	Tannery Districts	+4% National Tribesman Happiness		The hideous odors produced by tanning leather could create severely unpalatable living conditions. As the size of urban centers grew, it became quickly apparent that measures had to be taken.
3	Shorthand Writing	+2% State Religion Happiness		Known as stenography, the practice of summarizing texts which would otherwise take up a great deal of time and space, originated in Greece. It spread quickly, as a means of taking down important speeches or ideas at a rapid pace.
4	Soothsayers	+2% Army Morale Recovery		The practice of integrating priestly classes into the military was commonplace. Acting as conduits for the divine approval of whatever military action an army was engaged in, boosted morale considerably.
4	Open Religion	+2% Integrated Culture Happiness		Many religious cults would enshrine a constitution of equality, remaining open to all comers, regardless of class.
4	Alumen	-5% Religious Provincial Investment Cost		Alum was a source of potassium, which was used for a variety of uses, including medicinal preparation, cosmetics, and food flavoring.
5	Legendary Foundation	-10% Cost to Deify Ruler		The Mahabharata, the Aeneid, and Homer's great works, played heavily on the intertwined relationship between gods and men. The commissioning of such tracts became popular, as a tool to inspire a sense of cultural pride amongst a populace.
5	Recording Tradition	File:Global monthly civilization.png +0.01 Monthly Civilization Change		The often unpaid domestic priests of the Republic, had a rich oral tradition, passing down legends, history, and errata. By encouraging the transfer of this knowledge to a more solid medium, we may preserve our tradition for all eternity.
5	Auxiliary Recruitment	File:Global manpower modifier.png +5% National Manpower		Relying on foreign vagrants to make up the menial portion of our fighting forces, lets our valuable citizens focus on more important tasks.
6	Expanded Naval Hierarchy	+2% Navy Morale Recovery		Instituting a formalized hierarchy on board our vessels is vital in keeping order amidst the chaos of combat.
6	Sponsored Games	+0.05 Monthly Ruler Popularity Gain		Sanctioning state funded athletic events was a standard way of building up a political power base, and pleasing the people at the same time.
6	Bread Stamp	File:Global monthly food modifier.png +5% Global Monthly Food Modifier		Bread stamps were used as a means of identifying which bakery produced any given loaf. This allowed for identification of quality, and management of food-spread diseases.
7	Tolerated Cults	-5% Divine Sacrifice Cost		Present in numerous cultures and nations, the mystery religions were a syncretic ideology which often ran alongside the state religion, and involved secret rite, societies and meetings. In India, Jainism developed as a minor religious movement which eventually state sanction under the Mauryas, with Chandragupta himself embracing a Jain lifestyle upon retirement.
7	Mass Pewter Production	+2% Integrated Culture Happiness		Pewter is a soft metal alloy, which found widespread use as a durable material with which to craft everyday objects.
7	Disciplined Civilians	-0.01 Monthly War Exhaustion		Though times of war can lead to hard times for our civilians, they will understand that we need to defend and expand our borders for the betterment of everyone.
8	Regimental Standards	+2% Army Morale Recovery		Our military operates in distinct groupings of units. By associating each with a symbol or standard, every soldier has a familiar icon with which to develop a sense of unit pride.
8	Hand Abacus	+4% National Freeman Happiness		Used by merchants and inventors alike, the abacus provided a means of quickly tallying costs and expenditures, making domestic trading a much more palatable affair.
8	Double Pay	File:Global manpower modifier.png +5% National Manpower		Instituting a formal hierarchy of careers within our army, gives every common soldier a goal to aspire to, rendering a life in the army a more attractive prospect.
9	Expanded Religious Holidays	-10% Cost to Deify Ruler		Rome was famous for the sheer quantity of obscure religious festivals it possessed. State observed holidays were a sure way of pleasing the common folk and nobility alike.
9	Minor Syncretism	+3% Unintegrated Culture Group Happiness		As foreign religious beliefs grow within our ever expanding borders, so too does the disquiet of their practitioners. Adopting and incorporating minor practices into our own belief system is the first step to establishing concord.
9	Reduced Governship	+0.05 Provincial Loyalty		With some control of the provinces centralized our locals are sure to grow more loyal to the nation as a whole.
10	Fleet Hierarchy	+2% Navy Morale Recovery		In addition to the complex ship-based hierarchy of officers, the establishment of a command structure for our navies will ensure that responsibility always lies in the correct places.
10	Obstetrics	+0.05% National Population Growth		The early development of women's medicine could be dangerous and risky. Nonetheless, it would prove invaluable in the saving of many children's lives.
10	Private Cults	-10% Cost to Deify Ruler		Allowing the creation of private religious cults may limit our involvement, but will greatly increase the zeal of our people.
11	Collegiality	+0.05 Monthly Ruler Popularity Gain		Nominally appointing shadow, backup, or ostensibly equal positions in government, allows us to share responsibility and oversight of matters administrative.
11	Stoicism	+2% State Religion Happiness		The spread of stoicism as a philosophical movement, espoused belief in a universal spirit in which all men were held equal.
11	Reinterpreted Prodigies	+5% Omen Power		In Rome, terrible omens and calamitous portents had to be ratified by the senate. In some cases, the senate could reconvene on the matter of whether a portent was, in fact, such a bad thing after all.
12	State Burials	-5% Divine Sacrifice Cost		Those too poor to afford a burial for their family members should be granted the convenience of a state-sponsored burial service.
12	War Dedication	+5% Omen Power		Dedicating our troops to a specific deity or aspect for any given war, will let us conquer under one ideology.
12	Medical Auxilia	File:Global manpower modifier.png +5% National Manpower		The health of our soldiers is of paramount importance. Adequate health care will get soldiers back on the field, faster.
13	Military Decorations	+2% Army Morale Recovery		Instituting a series of decorations for valorous conduct in battle, was a valuable tool for keeping order, and giving soldiers something to fight for. The Hasta Pura, or 'Silver Spear' was initially awarded to Roman soldiers on the occasion of their first kill.
13	Punishment Roster	+2% Navy Morale Recovery		By publishing a detailed list of offenses, we can ensure that crews and officers alike, understand the obedience expected of them at sea.
13	Ban Witchcraft	File:Global monthly food modifier.png +5% Global Monthly Food Modifier		Heathen incantations and magical spells, imposed by practitioners of foreign religions, are a stain on our cultural heritage. Banning these is paramount to our continued prosperity.
14	Public Works Department	+0.05 Monthly Ruler Popularity Gain		The oversight of public works is a matter requiring a great deal of bureaucratic diligence. Furthermore, by instituting this office, we can more readily support our ruler's choices to promote public approval.
14	Encouragement of Migration	+0.05% National Population Growth		In cities where population fluctuates, the encouragement of migration from within and without our empire, can sustain populations.
14	Household Gods	-10% Found City Cost Modifier		We ought to encourage every landowner to dedicate their property to a household god.
15	Proscribed Canon	+5% Omen Power		While tolerance is key to integration, certain religious practices observed by foreign religions are simply too alien for our people to conceive. Banning barbaric rites such as these is vital to safeguard our people's spiritual welfare.
15	Exported Drama	+2% Integrated Culture Happiness		The ancient tragedies and comedies of the Greeks, renowned worldwide, have provided amusement for the masses for centuries. It would be a shame to limit them only to Greece.
15	Zero	+2% State Religion Happiness		The concept of 'zero', did not exist in the standard Roman numeral system. The existence of such a concept was vital to the Greek mathematicians in performing advanced calculations.
16	Constitution	+0.05 Monthly Ruler Popularity Gain		Any state will benefit from a constitution, replete with protection for the downtrodden, and oaths of obedience to the state and ruler.
16	Household Priests	-5% Divine Sacrifice Cost		Wealthy families would often employ a minor religious figure to lead worship, and safeguard the spiritual welfare of the household. In Rome, the paterfamilias, or head of the family, became a legal position of responsibility over matters of faith and obeisance.
16	Glass Blowing	+4% National Citizen Happiness		An innovative technique used to shape glass, glass blowing revolutionized the creation of expensive amenities.
17	Bow Ornamentation	+2% Navy Morale Recovery		The sight of a proud deity affixed or painted on the bow of our vessels will bolster pride and morale within our navies. Additionally, the sight of a fearsome god bearing down upon them, must surely break the resolve of our foes.
17	Major Syncretism	+3% Unintegrated Culture Group Happiness		Whereas once all our people worshiped together, our nation is now populated by people of various faiths, beliefs, and practices. It is time that we looked seriously at adopting various aspects of major foreign religions, and create a system whereby all may be served by our faith.
17	Guilt by Association	-0.02 Monthly Corruption		An elaborate system of minor bribery laws, the concept of guilt by association put an end to many corrupt practices in Roman politics, and abroad.
18	Severe Strictures	+2% Army Morale Recovery		Decimation, and other, similar practices, were used as last-resort punishments against units that had engaged in mutiny or cowardice. Decimation would involve the random selection of one tenth of a unit, who would then be executed by their former comrades. The ever-present threat of such a terrible punishment ensured that acts of cowardice were rare indeed.
18	Libertini	+4% National Slave Happiness		Our freed slaves will graduate to a distinct class; giving them something to aspire to, and keeping them in line.
18	Religious Board	File:Global manpower modifier.png +5% National Manpower		Insititute a formal board of religious persons, dedicated to deciding which deities, foreign or otherwise, were acceptable to be worshiped by soldiers. Not only does this give us control over our troops' religious observance, but encourages those of minority faiths, to serve us.
19	Water Mill	File:Global monthly food modifier.png +10% Global Monthly Food Modifier		The invention of water-wheels revolutionized production of flour and bread, allowing for bulk production of food for the masses.
19	Assemblies	+2% Integrated Culture Happiness		Granting rights to minority groups, to hold their own assemblies, will grant them a sense of self-determinism, which will keep them in line.
19	Formulaic Worship	-5% Divine Sacrifice Cost		Ensuring that every major religious festival is sanctioned, properly observed, and well put-together, goes some way towards safeguarding the stability of our nation.
20	Scribae	File:Global monthly civilization.png +0.01 Monthly Civilization Change		Scribae would accompany magistrates of all manner, assisting in record-keeping and official business. They were also known to assist in religious rites, often being responsible for the preservation of prayers, sacraments, and oaths.
20	Translated Symbology	-10% Cost to Deify Ruler		The use of widely acknowledged religious symbols when depicting leaders, generals and public figures, promotes their superiority. The Radiate Crown was often associated with Alexander, in contemporary art, and the practice caught on with his successors in particular.
20	Service for Life	File:Global manpower modifier.png +10% National Manpower		The wounded, maimed, and otherwise unfit, may still be useful as reserves and border guards. Thus can we ensure that the best soldiers are always serving on the front line.

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